(Circulation. 2000;102:2484.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Sex Differences in Management and Outcome After Acute Myocardial Infarction in the 1990s
A Prospective Observational Community-Based Study
From the Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center (S.G., D.H., A.S., V.B., J.L., M.C., L.M., S.B.), Tel Hashomer, and the Heiden Department of Cardiology, Bikur Cholim Hospital (S.G., B.M., S.S.), Jerusalem, Israel.
Correspondence to Shmuel Gottlieb, MD, Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel, 52621. E-mail sgott{at}md2.huji.ac.il
Background—Previous studies have suggested that women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are less aggressively managed than are men. The aim of this study was to assess sex differences in medical and invasive coronary procedures (angiography, PTCA, and CABG) in AMI patients admitted to cardiac care units (CCUs) in Israel in the mid 1990s and their association with early and 1-year prognosis.
Methods and Results—We studied 2867 consecutive AMI patients
(2125 men, 74%) hospitalized in all 25 CCUs in Israel from 3
prospective nationwide surveys conducted in 1992, 1994, and 1996. Women
were, on average, older than men (69 versus 61 years,
P<0.0001) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension,
diabetes, Killip class 
II on admission, and in-hospital
complications. Women received aspirin and ß-blockers less often than
did men, but these differences were not significant after age
adjustment. The unadjusted rates of thrombolysis,
angiography, and PTCA/CABG use were lower in women than in men but not
after covariate adjustment: 42% versus 48% (adjusted odds ratio
[OR] 0.92, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.11), 23% versus 31% (OR 0.88, 95% CI
0.70 to 1.09), and 15% versus 19% (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.19),
respectively. The 30-day mortality was higher in women than in men
(17.6% versus 9.6%, respectively; OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.82), but
the 30-day to 1-year mortality rate was not (9.1% versus 5.6%,
respectively; hazard ratio 1.18, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.66).
Conclusions—This prospective nationwide observational community-based study of consecutive AMI patients hospitalized in the CCUs in the mid 1990s indicates that women fare significantly worse than do men at 30 days but not thereafter at 1-year. The difference in 30-day outcome was not influenced by the use of different therapeutic modalities, including thrombolysis and invasive coronary procedures, but was rather due to the older age and greater comorbidity of women; these findings seem also to explain the less frequent use of invasive procedures in women.
Key Words: myocardial infarction • sex • thrombolysis • angiography • revascularization • mortality
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