(Circulation. 2000;101:524.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Basic Science Reports |
Characteristics of Coronary Smooth Muscle Cells and Adventitial Fibroblasts
From the Cardiovascular Research Center (S.P., Y.S., R.N., E.H.C., A.Z.), Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa; and Bryn Mawr Hospital (J.L.M.), Bryn Mawr, Pa.
Correspondence to Andrew Zalewski, MD, or Yi Shi, MD, PhD, Thomas Jefferson University, Division of Cardiology, Suite 410N, 1025 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19107. E-mail andrew.zalewski@tju.edu or yi.shi{at}tju.edu
Background—Recent findings suggesting the involvement of adventitial cells in coronary repair have raised questions regarding the phenotypic "plasticity" of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Accordingly, the aims of the present study were to examine the characteristics of coronary medial and adventitial cells and to compare the responses of coronary and noncoronary SMCs to stimulation.
Methods and Results—Enzymatically isolated coronary SMCs
(human and porcine) were distinct from noncoronary SMCs,
showing poor adhesion and spreading, as well as lower proliferation,
collagen synthesis, and LDL degradation. Several extracellular matrix
components (Matrigel, collagen I and IV, laminin,
vitronectin, fibronectin) or growth factors (epidermal
growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor-BB, insulin growth
factor-1, interleukin-1
) failed to augment the adhesion or
proliferation of coronary SMCs to the levels observed in
noncoronary SMCs. Unlike coronary SMCs,
coronary fibroblasts demonstrated high adhesion, proliferation,
collagen synthesis, and avid LDL metabolism. Limited
responses of coronary SMCs were associated with sustained
expression of differentiation markers (-smooth muscle actin,
h-caldesmon, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain), whereas
noncoronary SMCs showed marked phenotypic
heterogeneity.
Conclusions—Coronary SMCs appeared to maintain highly differentiated phenotype in response to stimulation, whereas coronary adventitial fibroblasts demonstrated several characteristics that are essential during vascular repair. Coronary SMCs, however, were distinct from noncoronary medial cells, which displayed greater phenotypic heterogeneity and versatility in culture. We postulate that the mechanism of vascular repair may differ among vascular beds, pointing to the importance of coronary artery–specific investigations in vascular biology.
Key Words: remodeling • arteries • muscle, smooth • cells
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