(Circulation. 2000;101:2206.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Basic Science Reports |
Investigation Into the Sources of Superoxide in Human Blood Vessels
Angiotensin II Increases Superoxide Production in Human Internal Mammary Arteries
From the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Correspondence to Dr Colin Berry, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Glasgow, 44 Church St, Glasgow G11 6NT, Scotland, UK. E-mail colin.berry{at}clinmed.gla.ac.uk
Background—Increased vascular superoxide anion (·O2-) production contributes to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in animal models of cardiovascular disease. Observations in experimental animals suggest that angiotensin II (Ang II) increases ·O2- production by activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase. We studied the sources of ·O2- production in human blood vessels and investigated whether, and by what mechanism, Ang II might alter vascular ·O2- production.
Methods and Results—Internal mammary arteries (IMAs) and saphenous veins (SVs) were collected at the time of cardiac surgery. Vessels were incubated in Krebs buffer at 37°C. ·O2- was measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence. Basal ·O2- concentrations were greater in IMAs than SVs. Inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase (10 µmol/L to 200 µmol/L diphenyleneiodonium) and xanthine oxidase (1 mmol/L allopurinol) caused reductions in ·O2- concentrations in both IMAs and SVs. Western blotting of superoxide dismutase proteins demonstrated similar expression in IMAs and SVs. Vessels were also incubated in the presence or absence of Ang II (1 pmol/L to 1 µmol/L). Ang II increased ·O2- production in IMAs at 4 hours of incubation (control, 978±117 pmol · min-1 · mg-1; 1 µmol/L of Ang II, 1690±213 pmol · min-1 · mg-1; n=27, P=0.0001, 95% CI 336, 925) but not in SVs. This effect was completely inhibited by coincubation of IMAs with DPI (100 µmol/L), a nonspecific Ang II antagonist ([sar1, thre8]–Ang II, 1 µmol/L) and a specific Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist (losartan, 1 µmol/L).
Conclusions— ·O2- production is greater in human IMAs than in SVs. NAD(P)H oxidase and xanthine oxidase are sources of ·O2- production in these vessels. The vasoactive peptide Ang II increases ·O2- production in human arteries by an AT1 receptor–dependent mechanism.
Key Words: free radicals • arteries • veins • angiotensin • receptors
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