| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Circulation. 2000;101:1780.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Correspondence to Hans U. Häring, MD, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Tübingen, Otfried-Müller Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. E-mail hans-ulrich.haering{at}med.uni-tuebingen.de
Background-Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is regarded as an early step in the development of atherosclerosis. Among the pathogenetic factors leading to atherosclerosis, the role of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia as independent risk factors is still under debate. In this study, we examined the association between ED and insulin resistance in normotensive and normoglycemic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods and Results-Endothelium-dependent and
-independent vasodilation of the brachial artery was measured with
high-resolution ultrasound (13 MHz) in 53 normotensive FDRs (21 men, 32
women; mean age, 35 years) with normal oral glucose tolerance, 10 age-
and sex-matched normal control subjects, and 25 DM patients (mean age,
57 years). According to the tertiles of the clamp-derived glucose
metabolic clearance rate (MCR), the FDRs were further
classified as insulin resistant with an MCR
5.8 mL ·
kg-1 · min-1, insulin sensitive (IS)
with an MCR
7.8 mL · kg-1 ·
min-1, and borderline with an MCR of 5.9 to 7.7 mL
· kg-1 · min-1. Flow-associated
dilation was 4.1±0.9% in insulin-resistant FDRs, 6.7±1.1%
in borderline FDRs, 9.0±1.2% in insulin-sensitive FDRs
(P=0.002), 7.7±2.9% in control subjects
(P=NS versus FDRs), and 3.8±1.0% in DM patients
(P=0.03). In multiple regression analysis, low
MCR was significantly correlated with ED independent of age, sex,
smoking, body mass index, percent body fat, serum insulin, and
lipids.
ConclusionsThere is a significant association between ED and insulin resistance in young FDRs of DM subjects independent of the classic cardiovascular risk factors.
Key Words: endothelium vasodilation risk factors atherosclerosis insulin
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
K. Bousquet-Santos, F. J. Neves, E. Tibirica, M. N. de Souza, and A. C.L. Nobrega Impaired Vascular Reactivity in Healthy First-Degree Relatives of Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Is Related to Metabolic Factors Diabetes Care, June 1, 2009; 32(6): e72 - e72. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Kohler and J. R. Stradling Ethnic Effect and the Study of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., April 15, 2009; 179(8): 736 - 736. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. R. Schelbert Coronary circulatory function abnormalities in insulin resistance insights from positron emission tomography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 3, 2009; 53(5 Suppl): S3 - S8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Muniyappa, G. Hall, T. L Kolodziej, R. J Karne, S. K Crandon, and M. J Quon Cocoa consumption for 2 wk enhances insulin-mediated vasodilatation without improving blood pressure or insulin resistance in essential hypertension Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2008; 88(6): 1685 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Peter, C. Weigert, H. Staiger, K. Rittig, A. Cegan, P. Lutz, F. Machicao, H.-U. Haring, and E. Schleicher Induction of stearoyl-CoA desaturase protects human arterial endothelial cells against lipotoxicity Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2008; 295(2): E339 - E349. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. T. Nguyen, J. J. Wang, F.M. A. Islam, P. Mitchell, R. J. Tapp, P. Z. Zimmet, R. Simpson, J. Shaw, and T. Y. Wong Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing Predicts Incidence of Diabetes: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study Diabetes, March 1, 2008; 57(3): 536 - 539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. Muniyappa, M. Montagnani, K. K. Koh, and M. J. Quon Cardiovascular Actions of Insulin Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2007; 28(5): 463 - 491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Marx and P. J Grant Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease - the lull before the storm Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, June 1, 2007; 4(2): 82 - 83. [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. M Hartge, T. Unger, and U. Kintscher The endothelium and vascular inflammation in diabetes Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, June 1, 2007; 4(2): 84 - 88. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. M Cubbon, A. Rajwani, and S. B Wheatcroft The impact of insulin resistance on endothelial function, progenitor cells and repair Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, June 1, 2007; 4(2): 103 - 111. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Murphy, G. S. Kanaganayagam, B. Jiang, P. J. Chowienczyk, R. Zbinden, M. Saha, S. Rahman, A. M. Shah, M. S. Marber, and M. T. Kearney Vascular Dysfunction and Reduced Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Young Healthy UK South Asian Men Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., April 1, 2007; 27(4): 936 - 942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Nitenberg Macrovascular disease in type 2 diabetes: We do need animal models for in vivo studies Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2007; 73(3): 450 - 452. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Hirata, A. Kadirvelu, M. Di Tullio, S. Homma, A. M. Choy, and C. C. Lang Coronary Vasomotor Function Is Abnormal in First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, January 1, 2007; 30(1): 150 - 153. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Iellamo, M. Tesauro, S. Rizza, S. Aquilani, C. Cardillo, M. Iantorno, M. Turriziani, and R. Lauro Concomitant Impairment in Endothelial Function and Neural Cardiovascular Regulation in Offspring of Type 2 Diabetic Subjects Hypertension, September 1, 2006; 48(3): 418 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. B. Goldfine, J. A. Beckman, R. A. Betensky, H. Devlin, S. Hurley, N. Varo, U. Schonbeck, M. E. Patti, and M. A. Creager Family History of Diabetes Is a Major Determinant of Endothelial Function J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 20, 2006; 47(12): 2456 - 2461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Nigro, N. Osman, A. M. Dart, and P. J. Little Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2006; 27(3): 242 - 259. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. G. K. de Aguiar, L. R. Bahia, N. Villela, C. Laflor, F. Sicuro, N. Wiernsperger, D. Bottino, and E. Bouskela Metformin Improves Endothelial Vascular Reactivity in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Metabolic Syndrome and Normal Glucose Tolerance Diabetes Care, May 1, 2006; 29(5): 1083 - 1089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Natali, E. Toschi, S. Baldeweg, D. Ciociaro, S. Favilla, L. Sacca, and E. Ferrannini Clustering of insulin resistance with vascular dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, April 1, 2006; 55(4): 1133 - 1140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. B. Meigs, C. J. O'Donnell, G. H. Tofler, E. J. Benjamin, C. S. Fox, I. Lipinska, D. M. Nathan, L. M. Sullivan, R. B. D'Agostino, and P. W.F. Wilson Hemostatic Markers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes: The Framingham Offspring Study Diabetes, February 1, 2006; 55(2): 530 - 537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Cosson, I. Pham, P. Valensi, J. Paries, J.-R. Attali, and A. Nitenberg Impaired Coronary Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation Is Associated With Microalbuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries Diabetes Care, January 1, 2006; 29(1): 107 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Meyer, B. P. McGrath, and H. J. Teede Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Have Evidence of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5711 - 5716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Hetzel, B. Balletshofer, K. Rittig, D. Walcher, W. Kratzer, V. Hombach, H.-U. Haring, W. Koenig, and N. Marx Rapid Effects of Rosiglitazone Treatment on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 2005; 25(9): 1804 - 1809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. S. Najjar, A. Scuteri, and E. G. Lakatta Arterial Aging: Is It an Immutable Cardiovascular Risk Factor? Hypertension, September 1, 2005; 46(3): 454 - 462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Jensen, B. Feldt-Rasmussen, K. Borch-Johnsen, K. S. Jensen, and B. G. Nordestgaard Increased Transvascular Lipoprotein Transport in Diabetes: Association with Albuminuria and Systolic Hypertension J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2005; 90(8): 4441 - 4445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. D. Beishuizen, J. T. Tamsma, J. W. Jukema, M. A. van de Ree, J. C. M. van der Vijver, A. E. Meinders, and M. V. Huisman The Effect of Statin Therapy on Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes Without Manifest Cardiovascular Disease Diabetes Care, July 1, 2005; 28(7): 1668 - 1674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. L. Moens, I. Goovaerts, M. J. Claeys, and C. J. Vrints Flow-Mediated Vasodilation: A Diagnostic Instrument, or an Experimental Tool? Chest, June 1, 2005; 127(6): 2254 - 2263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. O. Prior, M. J. Quinones, M. Hernandez-Pampaloni, A. D. Facta, T. H. Schindler, J. W. Sayre, W. A. Hsueh, and H. R. Schelbert Coronary Circulatory Dysfunction in Insulin Resistance, Impaired Glucose Tolerance, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Circulation, May 10, 2005; 111(18): 2291 - 2298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Y. Wong, A. Shankar, R. Klein, B. E. K. Klein, and L. D. Hubbard Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing, Hypertension, and Subsequent Risk of Diabetes Mellitus Arch Intern Med, May 9, 2005; 165(9): 1060 - 1065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. T. McMahon, J. Plutzky, E. Daher, T. Bhattacharyya, G. Grunberger, and M. F. DiCarli Effect of a Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma} Agonist on Myocardial Blood Flow in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, May 1, 2005; 28(5): 1145 - 1150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S Jadhav, J Petrie, W Ferrell, S Cobbe, and N Sattar Insulin resistance as a contributor to myocardial ischaemia independent of obstructive coronary atheroma: a role for insulin sensitisation? Heart, December 1, 2004; 90(12): 1379 - 1383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Fulton, M. B. Harris, B. E. Kemp, R. C. Venema, M. B. Marrero, and D. W. Stepp Insulin resistance does not diminish eNOS expression, phosphorylation, or binding to HSP-90 Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): H2384 - H2393. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Kornerup, B. G. Nordestgaard, T. K. Jensen, B. Feldt-Rasmussen, J. P. Eiberg, K. S. Jensen, and J. S. Jensen Transendothelial exchange of low-density lipoprotein is unaffected by the presence of severe atherosclerosis Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2004; 64(2): 337 - 345. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Walcher and N. Marx Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease: the role of PPAR{gamma} activators beyond their anti-diabetic action Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2004; 1(2): 76 - 81. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. B. Wheatcroft, A. M. Shah, J.-M. Li, E. Duncan, B. T. Noronha, P. A. Crossey, and M. T. Kearney Preserved Glucoregulation but Attenuation of the Vascular Actions of Insulin in Mice Heterozygous for Knockout of the Insulin Receptor Diabetes, October 1, 2004; 53(10): 2645 - 2652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Nielsen, J. R. Halliwill, M. J. Joyner, and M. D. Jensen Vascular Response to Angiotensin II in Upper Body Obesity Hypertension, October 1, 2004; 44(4): 435 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Prasad and A. A. Quyyumi Renin-Angiotensin System and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers in the Metabolic Syndrome Circulation, September 14, 2004; 110(11): 1507 - 1512. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. S. Lim, R. J. MacFadyen, and G. Y. H. Lip Diabetes Mellitus, the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, and the Heart Arch Intern Med, September 13, 2004; 164(16): 1737 - 1748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Y. Wong, B. B. Duncan, S. H. Golden, R. Klein, D. J. Couper, B. E. K. Klein, L. D. Hubbard, A. R. Sharrett, and M. I. Schmidt Associations between the Metabolic Syndrome and Retinal Microvascular Signs: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., September 1, 2004; 45(9): 2949 - 2954. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Raji, M. D. Gerhard-Herman, M. Warren, S. G. Silverman, V. Raptopoulos, C. S. Mantzoros, and D. C. Simonson Insulin Resistance and Vascular Dysfunction in Nondiabetic Asian Indians J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2004; 89(8): 3965 - 3972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. H. Endemann and E. L. Schiffrin Endothelial Dysfunction J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., August 1, 2004; 15(8): 1983 - 1992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. S. Jensen, B. Feldt-Rasmussen, K. S. Jensen, P. Clausen, H. Scharling, and B. G. Nordestgaard Transendothelial lipoprotein exchange and microalbuminuria Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2004; 63(1): 149 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Natali, S. Baldeweg, E. Toschi, B. Capaldo, D. Barbaro, A. Gastaldelli, J. S. Yudkin, and E. Ferrannini Vascular Effects of Improving Metabolic Control With Metformin or Rosiglitazone in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, June 1, 2004; 27(6): 1349 - 1357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Marx, H. Duez, J.-C. Fruchart, and B. Staels Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Atherogenesis: Regulators of Gene Expression in Vascular Cells Circ. Res., May 14, 2004; 94(9): 1168 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Andreozzi, E. Laratta, A. Sciacqua, F. Perticone, and G. Sesti Angiotensin II Impairs the Insulin Signaling Pathway Promoting Production of Nitric Oxide by Inducing Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 on Ser312 and Ser616 in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Circ. Res., May 14, 2004; 94(9): 1211 - 1218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. J. Quinones, M. Hernandez-Pampaloni, H. Schelbert, I. Bulnes-Enriquez, X. Jimenez, G. Hernandez, R. De La Rosa, Y. Chon, H. Yang, S. B. Nicholas, et al. Coronary Vasomotor Abnormalities in Insulin-Resistant Individuals Ann Intern Med, May 4, 2004; 140(9): 700 - 708. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. B. Meigs, F. B. Hu, N. Rifai, and J. E. Manson Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus JAMA, April 28, 2004; 291(16): 1978 - 1986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. F. Harris and K. A. Matthews Interactions Between Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Endothelial Function: A Model for the Development of Cardiovascular Disease Psychosom Med, March 1, 2004; 66(2): 153 - 164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. Fonseca, C. Desouza, S. Asnani, and I. Jialal Nontraditional Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2004; 25(1): 153 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Federici, A. Pandolfi, E. A. De Filippis, G. Pellegrini, R. Menghini, D. Lauro, M. Cardellini, M. Romano, G. Sesti, R. Lauro, et al. G972R IRS-1 Variant Impairs Insulin Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells Circulation, January 27, 2004; 109(3): 399 - 405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Nitenberg, P. Valensi, R. Sachs, E. Cosson, J.-R. Attali, and I. Antony Prognostic Value of Epicardial Coronary Artery Constriction to the Cold Pressor Test in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Angiographically Normal Coronary Arteries and No Other Major Coronary Risk Factors Diabetes Care, January 1, 2004; 27(1): 208 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. R. Singleton, A. G. Smith, J. W. Russell, and E. L. Feldman Microvascular Complications of Impaired Glucose Tolerance Diabetes, December 1, 2003; 52(12): 2867 - 2873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. Piatti, C. Di Mario, L. D. Monti, G. Fragasso, F. Sgura, A. Caumo, E. Setola, P. Lucotti, E. Galluccio, C. Ronchi, et al. Association of Insulin Resistance, Hyperleptinemia, and Impaired Nitric Oxide Release With In-Stent Restenosis in Patients Undergoing Coronary Stenting Circulation, October 28, 2003; 108(17): 2074 - 2081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Delles, M. P. Schneider, S. Oehmer, E. H. Fleischmann, and R. E. Schmieder L-Arginine-Induced Vasodilation of the Renal Vasculature Is Not Altered in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, June 1, 2003; 26(6): 1836 - 1840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Pannacciulli, G. De Pergola, M. Ciccone, P. Rizzon, F. Giorgino, and R. Giorgino Effect of Family History of Type 2 Diabetes on the Intima-Media Thickness of the Common Carotid Artery in Normal-Weight, Overweight, and Obese Glucose-Tolerant Young Adults Diabetes Care, April 1, 2003; 26(4): 1230 - 1234. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Caselli, J. Rich, T. Hanane, L. Uccioli, and A. Veves Role of C-nociceptive fibers in the nerve axon reflex-related vasodilation in diabetes Neurology, January 28, 2003; 60(2): 297 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. S. Cozma, S. D. Luzio, G. J. Dunseath, K. W. Langendorg, T. Pieber, and D. R. Owens Comparison of the Effects of Three Insulinotropic Drugs on Plasma Insulin Levels After a Standard Meal Diabetes Care, August 1, 2002; 25(8): 1271 - 1276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Federici, R. Menghini, A. Mauriello, M. L. Hribal, F. Ferrelli, D. Lauro, P. Sbraccia, L. G. Spagnoli, G. Sesti, and R. Lauro Insulin-Dependent Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Impaired by O-Linked Glycosylation Modification of Signaling Proteins in Human Coronary Endothelial Cells Circulation, July 23, 2002; 106(4): 466 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. V. van Venrooij, M. A. van de Ree, M. L. Bots, R. P. Stolk, M. V. Huisman, and J. D. Banga Aggressive Lipid Lowering Does Not Improve Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetes: The Diabetes Atorvastatin Lipid Intervention (DALI) Study: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Diabetes Care, July 1, 2002; 25(7): 1211 - 1216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Kornerup, B. G. Nordestgaard, B. Feldt-Rasmussen, K. Borch-Johnsen, K. S. Jensen, and J. S. Jensen Transvascular Low-Density Lipoprotein Transport in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2): A Noninvasive In Vivo Isotope Technique Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2002; 22(7): 1168 - 1174. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Y. Wong, R. Klein, A. R. Sharrett, M. I. Schmidt, J. S. Pankow, D. J. Couper, B. E. K. Klein, L. D. Hubbard, B. B. Duncan, and for the ARIC Investigators Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus in Middle-aged Persons JAMA, May 15, 2002; 287(19): 2528 - 2533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. H. Eckel, M. Wassef, A. Chait, B. Sobel, E. Barrett, G. King, M. Lopes-Virella, J. Reusch, N. Ruderman, G. Steiner, et al. Prevention Conference VI: Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Writing Group II: Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis in Diabetes Circulation, May 7, 2002; 105 (18): e138 - e143. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. S. Hermann and N. Wiernsperger Impaired glucose tolerance and metformin: clinical and mechanistic aspects The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, May 1, 2002; 2(3): 177 - 183. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. C. Stuhlinger, F. Abbasi, J. W. Chu, C. Lamendola, T. L. McLaughlin, J. P. Cooke, G. M. Reaven, and P. S. Tsao Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and an Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor JAMA, March 20, 2002; 287(11): 1420 - 1426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Perera, J.R. Petrie, C. Hillier, M. Small, N. Sattar, J.M.C. Connell, and M.A. Lumsden Hormone replacement therapy can augment vascular relaxation in post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2002; 17(2): 497 - 502. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I.J.A.M Jonkers, M.A van de Ree, A.H.M Smelt, F.H.A.F de Man, H Jansen, A.E Meinders, A van der Laarse, and G.J Blauw Insulin resistance but not hypertriglyceridemia per se is associated with endothelial dysfunction in chronic hypertriglyceridemia Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2002; 53(2): 496 - 501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Nicolaides and C. J. Jones Review: Type 2 diabetes -- implications for macrovascular mechanics and disease The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, January 1, 2002; 2(1): 9 - 12. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Kelm Flow-mediated dilatation in human circulation: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2002; 282(1): H1 - H5. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Pratipanawatr, T. Pratipanawatr, K. Cusi, R. Berria, J. M. Adams, C. P. Jenkinson, K. Maezono, R. A. DeFronzo, and L. J. Mandarino Skeletal Muscle Insulin Resistance in Normoglycemic Subjects With a Strong Family History of Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated With Decreased Insulin-Stimulated Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Tyrosine Phosphorylation Diabetes, November 1, 2001; 50(11): 2572 - 2578. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. Fagret, C. Ghezzi, and G. Vanzetto 99mTc-N-NOET Imaging for Myocardial Perfusion: Can It Offer More Than We Already Have? J. Nucl. Med., September 1, 2001; 42(9): 1395 - 1396. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. M Storey, C. J Perry, and J. R Petrie Review: Endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, August 1, 2001; 1(1): 22 - 27. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Kareinen, L. Viitanen, P. Halonen, S. Lehto, and M. Laakso Cardiovascular Risk Factors Associated With Insulin Resistance Cluster in Families With Early-Onset Coronary Heart Disease Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2001; 21(8): 1346 - 1352. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. H. Stein, M. A. Klein, J. L. Bellehumeur, P. E. McBride, D. A. Wiebe, J. D. Otvos, and J. M. Sosman Use of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Protease Inhibitors Is Associated With Atherogenic Lipoprotein Changes and Endothelial Dysfunction Circulation, July 17, 2001; 104(3): 257 - 262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Waltenberger Impaired collateral vessel development in diabetes: potential cellular mechanisms and therapeutic implications Cardiovasc Res, February 16, 2001; 49(3): 554 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
|
Circulation Home | Subscriptions | Archives | Feedback | Authors | Help | AHA Journals Home | Search Copyright © 2000 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use prohibited. |