(Circulation. 2000;101:1767.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Plasma Concentration of Interleukin-6 and the Risk of Future Myocardial Infarction Among Apparently Healthy Men
From the Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention (P.M.R.) and the Divisions of Preventive Medicine (P.M.R., C.H.H.), Cardiovascular Diseases (P.M.R.), and the Channing Laboratory (M.J.S.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital; the Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention (C.H.H.); and the Children’s Hospital Medical Center (N.R.), all at the Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
Correspondence to Paul M. Ridker, MD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02115. E-mail pridker{at}partners.org
Background—Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a central role in inflammation and tissue injury. However, epidemiological data evaluating the role of IL-6 in atherogenesis are sparse.
Methods and Results—In a prospective study involving 14 916 apparently healthy men, we measured baseline plasma concentration of IL-6 in 202 participants who subsequently developed myocardial infarction (MI) and in 202 study participants matched for age and smoking status who did not report vascular disease during a 6-year follow-up. Median concentrations of IL-6 at baseline were higher among men who subsequently had an MI than among those who did not (1.81 versus 1.46 pg/mL; P=0.002). The risk of future MI increased with increasing quartiles of baseline IL-6 concentration (P for trend <0.001) such that men in the highest quartile at entry had a relative risk 2.3 times higher than those in the lowest quartile (95% CI 1.3 to 4.3, P=0.005); for each quartile increase in IL-6, there was a 38% increase in risk (P=0.001).This relationship remained significant after adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, was stable over long periods of follow-up, and was present in all low-risk subgroups, including nonsmokers. Although the strongest correlate of IL-6 in these data was C-reactive protein (r=0.43, P<0.001), the relationship of IL-6 with subsequent risk remained after control for this factor (P<0.001).
Conclusions—In apparently healthy men, elevated levels of IL-6 are associated with increased risk of future MI. These data thus support a role for cytokine-mediated inflammation in the early stages of atherogenesis.
Key Words: myocardial infarction • risk factors • inflammation • epidemiology • cytokines
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. Wallinder, D. Bergqvist, and A. E. Henriksson Proinflammatory and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Balance in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and the Impact of Aneurysm Size Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, June 1, 2009; 43(3): 258 - 261. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. E Bolton, J. R Cockcroft, R. Sabit, M. Munnery, C. M McEniery, I. B Wilkinson, S. Ebrahim, J. E Gallacher, D. J Shale, and Y. Ben-Shlomo Lung function in mid-life compared with later life is a stronger predictor of arterial stiffness in men: The Caerphilly Prospective Study Int. J. Epidemiol., June 1, 2009; 38(3): 867 - 876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Elovainio, A.-M. Aalto, M. Kivimaki, S. Pirkola, J. Sundvall, J. Lonnqvist, and A. Reunanen Depression and C-Reactive Protein: Population-Based Health 2000 Study Psychosom Med, May 1, 2009; 71(4): 423 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L.E. MacDonald, M. van Eck, R. B. Hildebrand, B. W.C. Wong, N. Bissada, P. Ruddle, A. Kontush, H. Hussein, M. A. Pouladi, M. J. Chapman, et al. Despite Antiatherogenic Metabolic Characteristics, SCD1-Deficient Mice Have Increased Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., March 1, 2009; 29(3): 341 - 347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M Ridker C-Reactive Protein: Eighty Years from Discovery to Emergence as a Major Risk Marker for Cardiovascular Disease Clin. Chem., February 1, 2009; 55(2): 209 - 215. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. F. Panoulas, K. M. J. Douglas, J. P. Smith, A. Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, G. S. Metsios, P. Nightingale, and G. D. Kitas Transforming growth factor-{beta}1 869T/C, but not interleukin-6 -174G/C, polymorphism associates with hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatology, February 1, 2009; 48(2): 113 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A. Hyder, M. A. Allison, N. Wong, A. Papa, T. F. Lang, C. Sirlin, S. M. Gapstur, P. Ouyang, J. J. Carr, and M. H. Criqui Association of Coronary Artery and Aortic Calcium With Lumbar Bone Density: The MESA Abdominal Aortic Calcium Study Am. J. Epidemiol., January 15, 2009; 169(2): 186 - 194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Peeters, W.E. Hellings, D.P.V. de Kleijn, J.P.P.M. de Vries, F.L. Moll, A. Vink, and G. Pasterkamp Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques Stabilize After Stroke: Insights Into the Natural Process of Atherosclerotic Plaque Stabilization Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2009; 29(1): 128 - 133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. S. Frankel, J. B. Meigs, J. M. Massaro, P. W.F. Wilson, C. J. O'Donnell, R. B. D'Agostino, and G. H. Tofler Von Willebrand Factor, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Offspring Study Circulation, December 9, 2008; 118(24): 2533 - 2539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Mantovani, C. Madeddu, C. Cadeddu, M. Dessi, A. Piras, E. Massa, R. Serpe, G. Antoni, and G. Mercuro Persistence, Up to 18 Months of Follow-Up, of Epirubicin-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction Detected Early by Serial Tissue Doppler Echocardiography: Correlation with Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers Oncologist, December 1, 2008; 13(12): 1296 - 1305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P Borrione, M Rizzo, A Spaccamiglio, R A Salvo, A Dovio, A Termine, A Parisi, F Fagnani, A Angeli, and F Pigozzi Sport-related hyperhomocysteinaemia: a putative marker of muscular demand to be noted for cardiovascular risk Br. J. Sports Med., November 1, 2008; 42(11): 894 - 900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. Martin, A. Qasim, and M. P. Reilly Leptin Resistance: A Possible Interface of Inflammation and Metabolism in Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 7, 2008; 52(15): 1201 - 1210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Fukuda, T. Ichinose, T. Kusama, A. Yoshidome, K. Anndow, N. Akiyoshi, and T. Shibamoto The Relationship Between Job Stress and Urinary Cytokines in Healthy Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study Biol Res Nurs, October 1, 2008; 10(2): 183 - 191. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. G. Surtees, N. W. J. Wainwright, S. M. Boekholdt, R. N. Luben, N. J. Wareham, and K.-T. Khaw Major Depression, C-Reactive Protein, and Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Healthy Men and Women Psychosom Med, October 1, 2008; 70(8): 850 - 855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. I. Boesen, J. M. Sasser, M. A. Saleh, W. A. Potter, M. Woods, T. D. Warner, J. S. Pollock, and D. M. Pollock Interleukin-1{beta}, but not interleukin-6, enhances renal and systemic endothelin production in vivo Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, August 1, 2008; 295(2): F446 - F453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Burioka, S. Koyanagi, M. Endo, M. Takata, Y. Fukuoka, M. Miyata, K. Takeda, H. Chikumi, S. Ohdo, and E. Shimizu Clock gene dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome Eur. Respir. J., July 1, 2008; 32(1): 105 - 112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Koizumi, T. Kurita-Ochiai, S. Oguchi, and M. Yamamoto Nasal Immunization with Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Protein Decreases P. gingivalis-Induced Atherosclerosis and Inflammation in Spontaneously Hyperlipidemic Mice Infect. Immun., July 1, 2008; 76(7): 2958 - 2965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Tamagawa, N. Bai, K. Morimoto, C. Gray, T. Mui, K. Yatera, X. Zhang, L. Xing, Y. Li, I. Laher, et al. Particulate matter exposure induces persistent lung inflammation and endothelial dysfunction Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2008; 295(1): L79 - L85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. L. Petersen, A. L. Marsland, J. Flory, E. Votruba-Drzal, M. F. Muldoon, and S. B. Manuck Community Socioeconomic Status is Associated With Circulating Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein Psychosom Med, July 1, 2008; 70(6): 646 - 652. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Fornage, Y. A. Chiang, E. S. O'Meara, B. M. Psaty, A. P. Reiner, D. S. Siscovick, R. P. Tracy, and W.T. Longstreth Jr Biomarkers of Inflammation and MRI-Defined Small Vessel Disease of the Brain: The Cardiovascular Health Study Stroke, July 1, 2008; 39(7): 1952 - 1959. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. T. Damsgaard, H. Frokiaer, A. D. Andersen, and L. Lauritzen Fish Oil in Combination with High or Low Intakes of Linoleic Acid Lowers Plasma Triacylglycerols but Does Not Affect Other Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Healthy Men J. Nutr., June 1, 2008; 138(6): 1061 - 1066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Malarstig, P Eriksson, A Hamsten, B Lindahl, L Wallentin, and A Siegbahn Raised interleukin-10 is an indicator of poor outcome and enhanced systemic inflammation in patients with acute coronary syndrome Heart, June 1, 2008; 94(6): 724 - 729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Yende, G. D'Angelo, J. A. Kellum, L. Weissfeld, J. Fine, R. D. Welch, L. Kong, M. Carter, D. C. Angus, and for the GenIMS Investigators Inflammatory Markers at Hospital Discharge Predict Subsequent Mortality after Pneumonia and Sepsis Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 2008; 177(11): 1242 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. J. P. Smith, F. D'Aiuto, J. Palmen, J. A. Cooper, J. Samuel, S. Thompson, J. Sanders, N. Donos, L. Nibali, D. Brull, et al. Association of Serum Interleukin-6 Concentration with a Functional IL6 -6331T>C Polymorphism Clin. Chem., May 1, 2008; 54(5): 841 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Lang, E. S. Williams, J. P. Mizgerd, and S. A. Shore Effect of obesity on pulmonary inflammation induced by acute ozone exposure: role of interleukin-6 Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): L1013 - L1020. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Tzoulaki, M.-R. Jarvelin, A.-L. Hartikainen, M. Leinonen, A. Pouta, M. Paldanius, A. Ruokonen, D. Canoy, U. Sovio, P. Saikku, et al. Size at birth, weight gain over the life course, and low-grade inflammation in young adulthood: northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study Eur. Heart J., April 9, 2008; (2008) ehn105v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Gallicchio, H. Chang, D. K. Christo, L. Thuita, H.-Y. Huang, P. Strickland, I. Ruczinski, S. C. Hoffman, and K. J. Helzlsouer Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Inflammation-related Genes and Mortality in a Community-based Cohort in Washington County, Maryland Am. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2008; 167(7): 807 - 813. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. H. Miller, S. Ancoli-Israel, J. E. Bower, L. Capuron, and M. R. Irwin Neuroendocrine-Immune Mechanisms of Behavioral Comorbidities in Patients With Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., February 20, 2008; 26(6): 971 - 982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Stewart, D. Janicki-Deverts, M. F. Muldoon, and T. W. Kamarck Depressive Symptoms Moderate the Influence of Hostility on Serum Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein Psychosom Med, February 1, 2008; 70(2): 197 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Dai, A. H. Miller, J. D. Bremner, J. Goldberg, L. Jones, L. Shallenberger, R. Buckham, N. V. Murrah, E. Veledar, P. W. Wilson, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Inversely Associated With Circulating Interleukin-6 Among Middle-Aged Men: A Twin Study Circulation, January 15, 2008; 117(2): 169 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Schneider, Y. Zhu, T. Coleman, and C. F. Semenkovich Macrophage 3 Integrin Suppresses Hyperlipidemia-Induced Inflammation by Modulating TNF{alpha} Expression Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 2007; 27(12): 2699 - 2706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. I. Schrader, D. A. Kinzenbaw, A. W. Johnson, F. M. Faraci, and S. P. Didion IL-6 Deficiency Protects Against Angiotensin II Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Hypertrophy Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 2007; 27(12): 2576 - 2581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Qi, N. Rifai, and F. B. Hu Interleukin-6 Receptor Gene Variations, Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels, and Type 2 Diabetes in U.S. Women Diabetes, December 1, 2007; 56(12): 3075 - 3081. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. G. Spagnoli, E. Bonanno, G. Sangiorgi, and A. Mauriello Role of Inflammation in Atherosclerosis J. Nucl. Med., November 1, 2007; 48(11): 1800 - 1815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Tso, J. G. Merino, and S. Warach Interleukin-6 174G/C Polymorphism and Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review Stroke, November 1, 2007; 38(11): 3070 - 3075. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. l. Sullivan Macrophage Iron, Hepcidin, and Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability Experimental Biology and Medicine, September 1, 2007; 232(8): 1014 - 1020. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Allayee, J. Hartiala, W. Lee, M. Mehrabian, C. G. Irvin, D. V. Conti, and J. J. Lima The Effect of Montelukast and Low-Dose Theophylline on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Asthmatics Chest, September 1, 2007; 132(3): 868 - 874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Mercuro, C. Cadeddu, A. Piras, M. Dessi, C. Madeddu, M. Deidda, R. Serpe, E. Massa, and G. Mantovani Early Epirubicin-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction Revealed by Serial Tissue Doppler Echocardiography: Correlation with Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers Oncologist, September 1, 2007; 12(9): 1124 - 1133. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. I. Boesen and D. M. Pollock Effect of chronic IL-6 infusion on acute pressor responses to vasoconstrictors in mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2007; 293(3): H1745 - H1749. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J-M Gonzalez-Clemente, C Vilardell, M Broch, A Megia, A Caixas, O Gimenez-Palop, C Richart, I Simon, A Martinez-Riquelme, J Arroyo, et al. Lower heart rate variability is associated with higher plasma concentrations of IL-6 in type 1 diabetes Eur. J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2007; 157(1): 31 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tomoda, M. Yoshikawa, T. Itoh, S. Tamaki, A. Fukuoka, K. Komeda, and H. Kimura Elevated Circulating Plasma Adiponectin in Underweight Patients With COPD Chest, July 1, 2007; 132(1): 135 - 140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. A Nettleton, L. M Steffen, M. B Schulze, N. S Jenny, R G. Barr, A. G Bertoni, and D. R Jacobs Jr Associations between markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and dietary patterns derived by principal components analysis and reduced rank regression in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2007; 85(6): 1615 - 1625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. C. Geiger, C. Hancock, D. C. Wright, D.-H. Han, and J. O. Holloszy IL-6 increases muscle insulin sensitivity only at superphysiological levels Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2007; 292(6): E1842 - E1846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. G. Flynn, B. K. McFarlin, and M. M. Markofski State of the Art Reviews: The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Exercise Training American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, May 1, 2007; 1(3): 220 - 235. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Yanbaeva, M. A. Dentener, E. C. Creutzberg, G. Wesseling, and E. F. M. Wouters Systemic Effects of Smoking Chest, May 1, 2007; 131(5): 1557 - 1566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Tzoulaki, G. D. Murray, A. J. Lee, A. Rumley, G. D.O. Lowe, and F. G. R. Fowkes Relative Value of Inflammatory, Hemostatic, and Rheological Factors for Incident Myocardial Infarction and Stroke: The Edinburgh Artery Study Circulation, April 24, 2007; 115(16): 2119 - 2127. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. D. Sesso, L. Wang, J. E. Buring, P. M Ridker, and J. M. Gaziano Comparison of Interleukin-6 and C-Reactive Protein for the Risk of Developing Hypertension in Women Hypertension, February 1, 2007; 49(2): 304 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Koenig and N. Khuseyinova Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability and Rupture Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2007; 27(1): 15 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. M. Howard-Alpe, J. W. Sear, and P. Foex Methods of detecting atherosclerosis in non-cardiac surgical patients; the role of biochemical markers Br. J. Anaesth., December 1, 2006; 97(6): 758 - 769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Libby and P. M. Ridker Inflammation and Atherothrombosis: From Population Biology and Bench Research to Clinical Practice J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 27, 2006; 48(9_Suppl_A): A33 - A46. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. T. Demmer and M. Desvarieux Periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease: The heart of the matter J Am Dent Assoc, October 1, 2006; 137(suppl_2): 14S - 20S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Giugliano, A. Ceriello, and K. Esposito The Effects of Diet on Inflammation: Emphasis on the Metabolic Syndrome J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): 677 - 685. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Joppa, D. Petrasova, B. Stancak, and R. Tkacova Systemic Inflammation in Patients With COPD and Pulmonary Hypertension. Chest, August 1, 2006; 130(2): 326 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Blankenberg, M. J. McQueen, M. Smieja, J. Pogue, C. Balion, E. Lonn, H. J. Rupprecht, C. Bickel, L. Tiret, F. Cambien, et al. Comparative Impact of Multiple Biomarkers and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in the Context of Conventional Risk Factors for the Prediction of Recurrent Cardiovascular Events in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study Circulation, July 18, 2006; 114(3): 201 - 208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. M.A.C. Martens, T. J. Rabelink, J. op 't Roodt, E. J.P. de Koning, and F. L.J. Visseren TNF-{alpha} induces endothelial dysfunction in diabetic adults, an effect reversible by the PPAR-{gamma} agonist pioglitazone Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2006; 27(13): 1605 - 1609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Gori, F. Sofi, A. M. Corsi, A. Gazzini, I. Sestini, F. Lauretani, S. Bandinelli, G. F. Gensini, L. Ferrucci, and R. Abbate Predictors of Vitamin B6 and Folate Concentrations in Older Persons: The InCHIANTI Study Clin. Chem., July 1, 2006; 52(7): 1318 - 1324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Paffen and M. P.M. deMaat C-reactive protein in atherosclerosis: A causal factor? Cardiovasc Res, July 1, 2006; 71(1): 30 - 39. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A Nettleton, L. M Steffen, E. J Mayer-Davis, N. S Jenny, R. Jiang, D. M Herrington, and D. R Jacobs Jr Dietary patterns are associated with biochemical markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2006; 83(6): 1369 - 1379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Langenberg, J. Bergstrom, C. Scheidt-Nave, J. Pfeilschifter, and E. Barrett-Connor Cardiovascular Death and the Metabolic Syndrome: Role of adiposity-signaling hormones and inflammatory markers. Diabetes Care, June 1, 2006; 29(6): 1363 - 1369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. T. Antunes, A. Gagnon, B. Chen, F. Pacini, T. J. Smith, and A. Sorisky Interleukin-6 release from human abdominal adipose cells is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone: effect of adipocyte differentiation and anatomic depot Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1140 - E1144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Vasan Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: Molecular Basis and Practical Considerations Circulation, May 16, 2006; 113(19): 2335 - 2362. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ziakas, S. Gavrilidis, G. Giannoglou, E. Souliou, K. Gemitzis, D. Kalampalika, M. A. Vayona, I. Pidonia, G. Parharidis, and G. Louridas In-Hospital and Long-Term Prognostic Value of Fibrinogen, CRP, and IL-6 Levels in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated with Thrombolysis Angiology, May 1, 2006; 57(3): 283 - 293. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. E. Bernstein, J. Berry, S. Kim, B. Canavan, and S. K. Grinspoon Effects of Etanercept in Patients With the Metabolic Syndrome. Arch Intern Med, April 24, 2006; 166(8): 902 - 908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E Kasim-Karakas, A. Tsodikov, U. Singh, and I. Jialal Responses of inflammatory markers to a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet: effects of energy intake. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2006; 83(4): 774 - 779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Tedgui and Z. Mallat Cytokines in Atherosclerosis: Pathogenic and Regulatory Pathways Physiol Rev, April 1, 2006; 86(2): 515 - 581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. McCaffery, N. Frasure-Smith, M.-P. Dube, P. Theroux, G. A. Rouleau, Q. Duan, and F. Lesperance Common genetic vulnerability to depressive symptoms and coronary artery disease: a review and development of candidate genes related to inflammation and serotonin. Psychosom Med, March 1, 2006; 68(2): 187 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Liu, Y. Berthier-Schaad, M. D. Fallin, N. E. Fink, R. P. Tracy, M. J. Klag, M. W. Smith, and J. Coresh IL-6 Haplotypes, Inflammation, and Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in a Multiethnic Dialysis Cohort J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., March 1, 2006; 17(3): 863 - 870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. L. Lee, L. C. Sturgis, H. Labazi, J. B. Osborne Jr., C. Fleming, J. S. Pollock, M. Manhiani, J. D. Imig, and M. W. Brands Angiotensin II hypertension is attenuated in interleukin-6 knockout mice Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H935 - H940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ruckerl, A. Ibald-Mulli, W. Koenig, A. Schneider, G. Woelke, J. Cyrys, J. Heinrich, V. Marder, M. Frampton, H. E. Wichmann, et al. Air Pollution and Markers of Inflammation and Coagulation in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2006; 173(4): 432 - 441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. W.J. Lee, J. S. Hill, K. R. Walley, and J. J. Frohlich Relative value of multiple plasma biomarkers as risk factors for coronary artery disease and death in an angiography cohort. Can. Med. Assoc. J., February 14, 2006; 174(4): 461 - 466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Libby Inflammation and cardiovascular disease mechanisms Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 456S - 460S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. S Greenberg and M. S Obin Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 461S - 465S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Libra, S S Signorelli, Y Bevelacqua, P M Navolanic, V Bevelacqua, J Polesel, R Talamini, F Stivala, M C Mazzarino, and G Malaponte Analysis of G(-174)C IL-6 polymorphism and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes and peripheral arterial disease J. Clin. Pathol., February 1, 2006; 59(2): 211 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. N. Bittar, J. A. Carey, J. B. Barnard, V. Pravica, A. K. Deiraniya, N. Yonan, and I. V. Hutchinson Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Influences the Inflammatory Response After Coronary Surgery Ann. Thorac. Surg., January 1, 2006; 81(1): 132 - 137. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P.S. Sie, F. A. Sayed-Tabatabaei, H.-H. S. Oei, A. G. Uitterlinden, H. A.P. Pols, A. Hofman, C. M. van Duijn, and J. C.M. Witteman Interleukin 6 -174 G/C Promoter Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: Results from the Rotterdam Study and a Meta-Analysis Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., January 1, 2006; 26(1): 212 - 217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. K. Koh, S. H. Han, and M. J. Quon Inflammatory Markers and the Metabolic Syndrome: Insights From Therapeutic Interventions J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 6, 2005; 46(11): 1978 - 1985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Johnston, H. Zhang, L. M. Messina, M. T. Lawton, and D. Dean Chlamydia pneumoniae Burden in Carotid Arteries Is Associated With Upregulation of Plaque Interleukin-6 and Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Serum Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., December 1, 2005; 25(12): 2648 - 2653. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Singh, J. Tabibian, S. K. Venugopal, S. Devaraj, and I. Jialal Development of an In Vitro Screening Assay to Test the Antiinflammatory Properties of Dietary Supplements and Pharmacologic Agents Clin. Chem., December 1, 2005; 51(12): 2252 - 2256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-p. Zhao, P. Deng, H.-g. Huang, Z.-m. Xu, H.-y. Dai, S.-c. Hong, J. Yang, and H.-n. Zhou Expression of COX-2 mRNA in Peripheral Blood Monocytes from Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Its Significance Clin. Chem., November 1, 2005; 51(11): 2170 - 2173. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Han, M. J. Quon, and K. K. Koh Beneficial Vascular and Metabolic Effects of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{alpha} Activators Hypertension, November 1, 2005; 46(5): 1086 - 1092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M Carter Inflammation, thrombosis and acute coronary syndromes Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research, October 1, 2005; 2(3): 113 - 121. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Pemberton, S. D. Raudsepp, T. G. Yandle, V. A. Cameron, and A. M. Richards Plasma cardiotrophin-1 is elevated in human hypertension and stimulated by ventricular stretch Cardiovasc Res, October 1, 2005; 68(1): 109 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M Rattazzi, E Faggin, B Bertipaglia, and P Pauletto Innate immunity and atherogenesis Lupus, September 1, 2005; 14(9): 747 - 751. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Minoguchi, T. Yokoe, T. Tazaki, H. Minoguchi, A. Tanaka, N. Oda, S. Okada, S. Ohta, H. Naito, and M. Adachi Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Serum Inflammatory Markers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 2005; 172(5): 625 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. M. Clark Adiponectin: Spectator or Player? Stroke, September 1, 2005; 36(9): 1919 - 1920. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Hetzel, B. Balletshofer, K. Rittig, D. Walcher, W. Kratzer, V. Hombach, H.-U. Haring, W. Koenig, and N. Marx Rapid Effects of Rosiglitazone Treatment on Endothelial Function and Inflammatory Biomarkers Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., September 1, 2005; 25(9): 1804 - 1809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Zoccali, G. Tripepi, S. Cutrupi, P. Pizzini, and F. Mallamaci Low Triiodothyronine: A New Facet of Inflammation in End-Stage Renal Disease J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., September 1, 2005; 16(9): 2789 - 2795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Tzoulaki, G. D. Murray, A. J. Lee, A. Rumley, G. D.O. Lowe, and F. G. R. Fowkes C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, and Soluble Adhesion Molecules as Predictors of Progressive Peripheral Atherosclerosis in the General Population: Edinburgh Artery Study Circulation, August 16, 2005; 112(7): 976 - 983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Gori, A. M. Corsi, S. Fedi, A. Gazzini, F. Sofi, B. Bartali, S. Bandinelli, G. F. Gensini, R. Abbate, and L. Ferrucci A proinflammatory state is associated with hyperhomocysteinemia in the elderly Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2005; 82(2): 335 - 341. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P Danielsson, L Truedsson, K-F Eriksson, and L Norgren Inflammatory markers and IL-6 polymorphism in peripheral arterial disease with and without diabetes mellitus Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2005; 10(3): 191 - 198. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yamagami, K. Kitagawa, T. Hoshi, S. Furukado, H. Hougaku, Y. Nagai, and M. Hori Associations of Serum IL-18 Levels With Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2005; 25(7): 1458 - 1462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|