| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Circulation. 2000;101:1288.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Clinical Investigation and Reports |
Linear Ablation Lesions for Control of Unmappable Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy
From Allegheny University Hospitals–Medical College of Pennsylvania Division and the University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pa.
Correspondence to Francis E. Marchlinski, MD, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 9th Floor Founders—Cardiology, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa 19104. E-mail: fmphilapa{at}home.com
Background—Conventional activation mapping is difficult without inducible, stable ventricular tachycardia (VT).
Methods and Results—We evaluated 16 patients with drug refractory, unimorphic, unmappable VT. Nine patients had ischemic and 7 had nonischemic cardiomyopathy. All patients had implantable defibrillators and had experienced 6 to 55 VT episodes during the month before treatment. Patients underwent bipolar catheter mapping during baseline rhythm. The amount of endocardium with an abnormal electrogram amplitude was estimated using fluoroscopy in 3 patients and a magnetic mapping system (CARTO) in 13 patients. For the magnetic mapping, normal endocardium was defined by an amplitude >1.5 mV; this measurement was based on sinus rhythm maps in 6 patients who did not have structural heart disease. Radiofrequency point lesions extended linearly from the "dense scar," which had a voltage amplitude <0.5 mV, to anatomic boundaries or normal endocardium. To limit radiofrequency applications, 12-lead ECG during VT and pacemapping guided placement of linear lesions. No new antiarrhythmic drug therapy was added. The amount of endocardium demonstrating an abnormal electrogram amplitude ranged from 25 to 127 cm2. A total of 8 to 87 radiofrequency lesions (mean, 55) produced a median of 4 linear lesions that had an average length of 3.9 cm (range, 1.4 to 9.4 cm). Twelve patients (75%) have been free of VT during 3 to 36 months of follow-up (median, 8 months); 4 patients had VT episodes at 1, 3, 9, and 13 months, respectively. Only one of these patient had frequent VT.
Conclusions—Radiofrequency linear endocardial lesions extending from the dense scar to the normal myocardium or anatomic boundary seem effective in controlling unmappable VT.
Key Words: tachycardia • ablation • defibrillators, implantable
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  O. Cano, M. Hutchinson, D. Lin, F. Garcia, E. Zado, R. Bala, M. Riley, J. Cooper, S. Dixit, E. Gerstenfeld, et al. Electroanatomic substrate and ablation outcome for suspected epicardial ventricular tachycardia in left ventricular nonischemic cardiomyopathy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 25, 2009; 54(9): 799 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Shivkumar and R. Tung Improving our understanding of epicardial ventricular tachycardia in nonischemic cardiomyopathy. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 25, 2009; 54(9): 809 - 811. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. C. Garcia, V. Bazan, E. S. Zado, J.-F. Ren, and F. E. Marchlinski Epicardial Substrate and Outcome With Epicardial Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia Circulation, August 4, 2009; 120(5): 366 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Sivagangabalan, J. Pouliopoulos, K. Huang, M. A. Barry, J. Lu, S. P. Thomas, D. L. Ross, A. Thiagalingam, and P. Kovoor Simultaneous Biventricular Noncontact Mapping and Ablation of Septal Ventricular Tachycardia in a Chronic Ovine Infarct Model Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, August 1, 2009; 2(4): 441 - 449. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M. Haqqani, J. M. Kalman, K. C. Roberts-Thomson, R. N. Balasubramaniam, R. Rosso, R. L. Snowdon, P. B. Sparks, J. K. Vohra, and J. B. Morton Fundamental Differences in Electrophysiologic and Electroanatomic Substrate Between Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Patients With and Without Clinical Ventricular Tachycardia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 7, 2009; 54(2): 166 - 173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. M. Saba, J. Akella, J. Gammie, R. Poston, A. Johnson, R. E. Hood, T.-M. Dickfeld, and S. R. Shorofsky The influence of fat thickness on the human epicardial bipolar electrogram characteristics: measurements on patients undergoing open-heart surgery Europace, July 1, 2009; 11(7): 949 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Aliot, W. G. Stevenson, J. M. Almendral-Garrote, F. Bogun, C. H. Calkins, E. Delacretaz, P. D. Bella, G. Hindricks, P. Jais, M. E. Josephson, et al. EHRA/HRS Expert Consensus on Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias: Developed in a partnership with the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA), a Registered Branch of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS); in collaboration with the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) Europace, June 1, 2009; 11(6): 771 - 817. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. M. Bogun, B. Desjardins, E. Good, S. Gupta, T. Crawford, H. Oral, M. Ebinger, F. Pelosi, A. Chugh, K. Jongnarangsin, et al. Delayed-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in nonischemic cardiomyopathy utility for identifying the ventricular arrhythmia substrate. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 31, 2009; 53(13): 1138 - 1145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Stevenson, D. J. Wilber, A. Natale, W. M. Jackman, F. E. Marchlinski, T. Talbert, M. D. Gonzalez, S. J. Worley, E. G. Daoud, C. Hwang, et al. Irrigated Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation Guided by Electroanatomic Mapping for Recurrent Ventricular Tachycardia After Myocardial Infarction: The Multicenter Thermocool Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Trial Circulation, December 16, 2008; 118(25): 2773 - 2782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Sivagangabalan, J. Pouliopoulos, K. Huang, J. Lu, M. A. Barry, A. Thiagalingam, D. L. Ross, S. P. Thomas, and P. Kovoor Comparison of Electroanatomic Contact and Noncontact Mapping of Ventricular Scar in a Postinfarct Ovine Model With Intramural Needle Electrode Recording and Histological Validation Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, December 1, 2008; 1(5): 363 - 369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Knackstedt, P. Schauerte, and P. Kirchhof Electro-anatomic mapping systems in arrhythmias Europace, November 1, 2008; 10(suppl_3): iii28 - iii34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Codreanu, F. Odille, E. Aliot, P.-Y. Marie, I. Magnin-Poull, M. Andronache, D. Mandry, W. Djaballah, D. Regent, J. Felblinger, et al. Electroanatomic Characterization of Post-Infarct Scars: Comparison With 3-Dimensional Myocardial Scar Reconstruction Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 2, 2008; 52(10): 839 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. E. Marchlinski Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation: Moving Beyond Treatment of Last Resort Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, August 1, 2008; 1(3): 147 - 149. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Sacher, U. B. Tedrow, M. E. Field, J.-M. Raymond, B. A. Koplan, L. M. Epstein, and W. G. Stevenson Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation: Evolution of Patients and Procedures Over 8 Years Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, August 1, 2008; 1(3): 153 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Sasano, M. R. Abraham, K.-C. Chang, H. Ashikaga, K. J. Mills, D. P. Holt, J. Hilton, S. G. Nekolla, J. Dong, A. C. Lardo, et al. Abnormal sympathetic innervation of viable myocardium and the substrate of ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 10, 2008; 51(23): 2266 - 2275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Corrado, C. Basso, L. Leoni, B. Tokajuk, P. Turrini, B. Bauce, F. Migliore, A. Pavei, G. Tarantini, M. Napodano, et al. Three-Dimensional Electroanatomical Voltage Mapping and Histologic Evaluation of Myocardial Substrate in Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 19, 2008; 51(7): 731 - 739. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Carbucicchio, M. Santamaria, N. Trevisi, G. Maccabelli, F. Giraldi, G. Fassini, S. Riva, M. Moltrasio, M. Cireddu, F. Veglia, et al. Catheter Ablation for the Treatment of Electrical Storm in Patients With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators: Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in a Prospective Single-Center Study Circulation, January 29, 2008; 117(4): 462 - 469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Dickfeld, P. Lei, V. Dilsizian, J. Jeudy, J. Dong, A. Voudouris, R. Peters, M. Saba, R. Shekhar, and S. Shorofsky Integration of three-dimensional scar maps for ventricular tachycardia ablation with positron emission tomography-computed tomography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img., January 1, 2008; 1(1): 73 - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Y. Reddy, M. R. Reynolds, P. Neuzil, A. W. Richardson, M. Taborsky, K. Jongnarangsin, S. Kralovec, L. Sediva, J. N. Ruskin, and M. E. Josephson Prophylactic Catheter Ablation for the Prevention of Defibrillator Therapy N. Engl. J. Med., December 27, 2007; 357(26): 2657 - 2665. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N.A. M. Estes III Ablation after ICD Implantation -- Bridging the Gap between Promise and Practice N. Engl. J. Med., December 27, 2007; 357(26): 2717 - 2719. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Wolpert, H. Pitschner, and M. Borggrefe Evolution of ablation techniques: from WPW to complex arrhythmias Eur. Heart J. Suppl., December 1, 2007; 9(suppl_I): I116 - I121. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Zeppenfeld, M. J. Schalij, M. M. Bartelings, U. B. Tedrow, B. A. Koplan, K. Soejima, and W. G. Stevenson Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia After Repair of Congenital Heart Disease: Electroanatomic Identification of the Critical Right Ventricular Isthmus Circulation, November 13, 2007; 116(20): 2241 - 2252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Eckart, T. W. Hruczkowski, U. B. Tedrow, B. A. Koplan, L. M. Epstein, and W. G. Stevenson Sustained Ventricular Tachycardia Associated With Corrective Valve Surgery Circulation, October 30, 2007; 116(18): 2005 - 2011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Ashikaga, T. Sasano, J. Dong, M. M. Zviman, R. Evers, B. Hopenfeld, V. Castro, R. H. Helm, T. Dickfeld, S. Nazarian, et al. Magnetic Resonance Based Anatomical Analysis of Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia: Implications for Catheter Ablation Circ. Res., October 26, 2007; 101(9): 939 - 947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Almendral and M. E. Josephson All Patients With Hemodynamically Tolerated Postinfarction Ventricular Tachycardia Do Not Require an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Circulation, September 4, 2007; 116(10): 1204 - 1212. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Dalal, R. Jain, H. Tandri, J. Dong, S. M. Eid, K. Prakasa, C. Tichnell, C. James, T. Abraham, S. D. Russell, et al. Long-Term Efficacy of Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 31, 2007; 50(5): 432 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G. Stevenson and K. Soejima Catheter Ablation for Ventricular Tachycardia Circulation, May 29, 2007; 115(21): 2750 - 2760. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. U. Klemm, R. Ventura, D. Steven, C. Johnsen, T. Rostock, B. Lutomsky, T. Risius, T. Meinertz, and S. Willems Catheter Ablation of Multiple Ventricular Tachycardias After Myocardial Infarction Guided by Combined Contact and Noncontact Mapping Circulation, May 29, 2007; 115(21): 2697 - 2704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Aryana, A. d'Avila, E. K. Heist, T. Mela, J. P. Singh, J. N. Ruskin, and V. Y. Reddy Remote Magnetic Navigation to Guide Endocardial and Epicardial Catheter Mapping of Scar-Related Ventricular Tachycardia Circulation, March 13, 2007; 115(10): 1191 - 1200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Volkmer, F. Ouyang, F. Deger, S. Ernst, M. Goya, D. Bansch, K. Berodt, K.-H. Kuck, and M. Antz Substrate mapping vs. tachycardia mapping using CARTO in patients with coronary artery disease and ventricular tachycardia: impact on outcome of catheter ablation. Europace, November 1, 2006; 8(11): 968 - 976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 5, 2006; 48(5): e247 - e346. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing Committee Members, D. P. Zipes, A. J. Camm, M. Borggrefe, A. E. Buxton, B. Chaitman, M. Fromer, G. Gregoratos, G. Klein, A. J. Moss, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 746 - 837. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. K. Kantharia, J. A. Patel, B. S. Nagra, and G. S. Ledley Electrical storm of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia after a cardiac-resynchronization-therapy-defibrillator upgrade Europace, August 1, 2006; 8(8): 625 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Bogun, E. Good, S. Reich, D. Elmouchi, P. Igic, K. Lemola, D. Tschopp, K. Jongnarangsin, H. Oral, A. Chugh, et al. Isolated Potentials During Sinus Rhythm and Pace-Mapping Within Scars as Guides for Ablation of Post-Infarction Ventricular Tachycardia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 16, 2006; 47(10): 2013 - 2019. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Dickfeld, R. Kato, M. Zviman, S. Lai, G. Meininger, A. C. Lardo, A. Roguin, D. Blumke, R. Berger, H. Calkins, et al. Characterization of Radiofrequency Ablation Lesions With Gadolinium-Enhanced Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 17, 2006; 47(2): 370 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Dong, H. Calkins, S. B. Solomon, S. Lai, D. Dalal, A. Lardo, E. Brem, A. Preiss, R. D. Berger, H. Halperin, et al. Integrated Electroanatomic Mapping With Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Images for Real-Time Guided Ablations Circulation, January 17, 2006; 113(2): 186 - 194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Schumacher, F. H. Gietzen, H. Neuser, J. Schummelfeder, M. Schneider, S. Kerber, R. Schimpf, C. Wolpert, and M. Borggrefe Electrophysiological Characteristics of Septal Hypertrophy in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy and Moderate to Severe Symptoms Circulation, October 4, 2005; 112(14): 2096 - 2101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. U. Klein and S. Reek "The Older the Broader": Electrogram Characteristics Help Identify the Critical Isthmus During Catheter Ablation of Postinfarct Ventricular Tachycardia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 16, 2005; 46(4): 675 - 677. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Verma, F. Kilicaslan, E. Pisano, N. F. Marrouche, R. Fanelli, J. Brachmann, J. Geunther, D. Potenza, D. O. Martin, J. Cummings, et al. Response of Atrial Fibrillation to Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation Is Directly Related to Resumption and Delay of Pulmonary Vein Conduction Circulation, August 2, 2005; 112(5): 627 - 635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Verma, F. Kilicaslan, R. A. Schweikert, G. Tomassoni, A. Rossillo, N. F. Marrouche, V. Ozduran, O. M. Wazni, S. C. Elayi, L. C. Saenz, et al. Short- and Long-Term Success of Substrate-Based Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia Circulation, June 21, 2005; 111(24): 3209 - 3216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Corrado, C. Basso, L. Leoni, B. Tokajuk, B. Bauce, G. Frigo, G. Tarantini, M. Napodano, P. Turrini, A. Ramondo, et al. Three-Dimensional Electroanatomic Voltage Mapping Increases Accuracy of Diagnosing Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy/Dysplasia Circulation, June 14, 2005; 111(23): 3042 - 3050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Verma, O. M. Wazni, N. F. Marrouche, D. O. Martin, F. Kilicaslan, S. Minor, R. A. Schweikert, W. Saliba, J. Cummings, J. D. Burkhardt, et al. Pre-existent left atrial scarring in patients undergoing pulmonary vein antrum isolation: An independent predictor of procedural failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 18, 2005; 45(2): 285 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Y. Reddy, Z. J. Malchano, G. Holmvang, E. J. Schmidt, A. d'Avila, C. Houghtaling, R. C. Chan, and J. N. Ruskin Integration of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping to guide left ventricular catheter manipulation: Feasibility in a porcine model of healed myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 7, 2004; 44(11): 2202 - 2213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Tedrow, W. H. Maisel, L. M. Epstein, K. Soejima, and W. G. Stevenson Feasibility of adjusting paced left ventricular activation by manipulating stimulus strength J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 7, 2004; 44(11): 2249 - 2252. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Thiagalingam, E. M. Wallace, C. R. Campbell, A. C. Boyd, V. E. Eipper, K. Byth, D. L. Ross, and P. Kovoor Value of Noncontact Mapping for Identifying Left Ventricular Scar in an Ovine Model Circulation, November 16, 2004; 110(20): 3175 - 3180. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Arenal, S. del Castillo, E. Gonzalez-Torrecilla, F. Atienza, M. Ortiz, J. Jimenez, A. Puchol, J. Garcia, and J. Almendral Tachycardia-Related Channel in the Scar Tissue in Patients With Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardias: Influence of the Voltage Scar Definition Circulation, October 26, 2004; 110(17): 2568 - 2574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. V. Patel, R. W. Rho, E. P. Gerstenfeld, H. H. Hsia, D. J. Callans, and F. E. Marchlinski Right Bundle-Branch Block Ventricular Tachycardias: Septal Versus Lateral Ventricular Origin Based on Activation Time to the Right Ventricular Apex Circulation, October 26, 2004; 110(17): 2582 - 2587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Szumowski, P. Sanders, F. Walczak, M. Hocini, P. Jais, R. Kepski, E. Szufladowicz, P. Urbanek, P. Derejko, R. Bodalski, et al. Mapping and ablation of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 19, 2004; 44(8): 1700 - 1706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. E. Marchlinski, E. Zado, S. Dixit, E. Gerstenfeld, D. J. Callans, H. Hsia, D. Lin, H. Nayak, A. Russo, and W. Pulliam Electroanatomic Substrate and Outcome of Catheter Ablative Therapy for Ventricular Tachycardia in Setting of Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy Circulation, October 19, 2004; 110(16): 2293 - 2298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Brunckhorst, E. Delacretaz, K. Soejima, W. H. Maisel, P. L. Friedman, and W. G. Stevenson Identification of the Ventricular Tachycardia Isthmus After Infarction by Pace Mapping Circulation, August 10, 2004; 110(6): 652 - 659. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Della Bella, S. Riva, G. Fassini, F. Giraldi, M. Berti, C. Klersy, and N. Trevisi Incidence and significance of pleomorphism in patients with postmyocardial infarction ventricular tachycardia: Acute and long-term outcome of radiofrequency catheter ablation Eur. Heart J., July 1, 2004; 25(13): 1127 - 1138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Soejima, W. G. Stevenson, J. L. Sapp, A. P. Selwyn, G. Couper, and L. M. Epstein Endocardial and epicardial radiofrequency ablation of ventricular tachycardia associated with dilated cardiomyopathy: The importance of low-voltage scars J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 19, 2004; 43(10): 1834 - 1842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. d'Avila, C. Houghtaling, P. Gutierrez, O. Vragovic, J. N. Ruskin, M. E. Josephson, and V. Y. Reddy Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Epicardial Tissue: A Comparison of Standard and Cooled-Tip Radiofrequency Energy Circulation, May 18, 2004; 109(19): 2363 - 2369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. F. Marrouche, A. Verma, O. Wazni, R. Schweikert, D. O. Martin, W. Saliba, F. Kilicaslan, J. Cummings, J. D. Burkhardt, M. Bhargava, et al. Mode of initiation and ablation of ventricular fibrillation storms in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 5, 2004; 43(9): 1715 - 1720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. H. Hsia, D. J. Callans, and F. E. Marchlinski Characterization of Endocardial Electrophysiological Substrate in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy and Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Circulation, August 12, 2003; 108(6): 704 - 710. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Y. Reddy, D. Wrobleski, C. Houghtaling, M. E. Josephson, and J. N. Ruskin Combined Epicardial and Endocardial Electroanatomic Mapping in a Porcine Model of Healed Myocardial Infarction Circulation, July 1, 2003; 107(25): 3236 - 3242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Y. Reddy, P. Neuzil, M. Taborsky, and J. N. Ruskin Short-term results of substrate mapping and radiofrequency ablation of ischemic ventricular tachycardia using a saline-irrigated catheter J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 18, 2003; 41(12): 2228 - 2236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. P. Gerstenfeld, S. Dixit, D. J. Callans, Y. Rajawat, R. Rho, and F. E. Marchlinski Quantitative comparison of spontaneous and paced 12-lead electrocardiogram during right ventricular outflow tract ventricular tachycardia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 4, 2003; 41(11): 2046 - 2053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Ouyang, M. Antz, F. T. Deger, D. Bansch, A. Schaumann, S. Ernst, and K.-H. Kuck An Underrecognized Subepicardial Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia Attributable to Left Ventricular Aneurysm in Patients With Normal Coronary Arteriograms Circulation, June 3, 2003; 107(21): 2702 - 2709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. A. Fuller and M. A. Wood Intramural Coronary Vasculature Prevents Transmural Radiofrequency Lesion Formation: Implications for Linear Ablation Circulation, April 8, 2003; 107(13): 1797 - 1803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. B. Brunckhorst, W. G. Stevenson, K. Soejima, W. H. Maisel, E. Delacretaz, P. L. Friedman, and S. A. Ben-Haim Relationship of slow conduction detected by pace-mapping to ventricular tachycardia re-entry circuit sites after infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 5, 2003; 41(5): 802 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Arenal, E. Glez-Torrecilla, M. Ortiz, J. Villacastin, J. Fdez-Portales, E. Sousa, S. del Castillo, L. Perez de Isla, J. Jimenez, and J. Almendral Ablation of electrograms with an isolated, delayed component as treatment of unmappable monomorphic ventricular tachycardias in patients with structural heart disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 2003; 41(1): 81 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Della Bella and N. Trevisi Catheter ablation: is it good for all postinfarction ventricular tachycardias? Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2002; 23(21): 1645 - 1647. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. O'Donnell, J.P. Bourke, R. Anilkumar, E. Simeonidou, and S.S. Furniss Radiofrequency ablation for post infarction ventricular tachycardia. Report of a single centre experience of 112 cases Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2002; 23(21): 1699 - 1705. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Soejima, W. G. Stevenson, W. H. Maisel, J. L. Sapp, and L. M. Epstein Electrically Unexcitable Scar Mapping Based on Pacing Threshold for Identification of the Reentry Circuit Isthmus: Feasibility for Guiding Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation Circulation, September 24, 2002; 106(13): 1678 - 1683. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Soejima and W. G. Stevenson Ventricular Tachycardia Associated With Myocardial Infarct Scar: A Spectrum of Therapies for a Single Patient Circulation, July 9, 2002; 106(2): 176 - 179. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.B. Brunckhorst, W.G. Stevenson, W.M. Jackman, K.-H. Kuck, K. Soejima, H. Nakagawa, R. Cappato, and S.A. Ben-Haim Ventricular mapping during atrial and ventricular pacing. Relationship of multipotential electrograms to ventricular tachycardia reentry circuits after myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., July 2, 2002; 23(14): 1131 - 1138. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. A Friedman Novel mapping techniques for cardiac electrophysiology Heart, June 1, 2002; 87(6): 575 - 582. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Kottkamp and G. Hindricks Catheter ablation of untolerated ventricular tachycardia--a new front line Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2002; 23(9): 697 - 699. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Della Bella, A. Pappalardo, S. Riva, C. Tondo, G. Fassini, and N. Trevisi Non-contact mapping to guide catheter ablation of untolerated ventricular tachycardia Eur. Heart J., May 1, 2002; 23(9): 742 - 752. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R.J. Schilling Can catheter ablation cure post-infarction ventricular tachycardia? Eur. Heart J., March 1, 2002; 23(5): 352 - 354. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Ouyang, R. Cappato, S. Ernst, M. Goya, M. Volkmer, J. Hebe, M. Antz, T. Vogtmann, A. Schaumann, P. Fotuhi, et al. Electroanatomic Substrate of Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachycardia: Unidirectional Block and Macroreentry Within the Purkinje Network Circulation, January 29, 2002; 105(4): 462 - 469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Boulos, I. Lashevsky, S. Reisner, and L. Gepstein Electroanatomic mapping of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., December 1, 2001; 38(7): 2020 - 2027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Soejima, M. Suzuki, W. H. Maisel, C. B. Brunckhorst, E. Delacretaz, L. Blier, S. Tung, H. Khan, and W. G. Stevenson Catheter Ablation in Patients With Multiple and Unstable Ventricular Tachycardias After Myocardial Infarction: Short Ablation Lines Guided by Reentry Circuit Isthmuses and Sinus Rhythm Mapping Circulation, August 7, 2001; 104(6): 664 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. G Stevenson and E. Delacretaz ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia Heart, November 1, 2000; 84(5): 553 - 559. [Full Text]
|
|