(Circulation. 1999;100:87-95.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Basic Science Reports |
Promotion of Atrial Fibrillation by Heart Failure in Dogs
Atrial Remodeling of a Different Sort
From the Research Center (D.L., S.F., S.N.), Department of Medicine (D.L., S.N.), and Department of Pathology (T.K.L.), Montreal Heart Institute and University of Montreal, and the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (S.N.), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Correspondence to Stanley Nattel, MD, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger St E, Montreal, Quebec H1T 1C8, Canada. E-mail nattel{at}icm.umontreal.ca
Background—Studies of atrial fibrillation (AF) due to atrial tachycardia have provided insights into the remodeling mechanisms by which "AF begets AF" but have not elucidated the substrate that initially supports AF before remodeling occurs. We studied the effects of congestive heart failure (CHF), an entity strongly associated with clinical AF, on atrial electrophysiology in the dog and compared the results with those in dogs subjected to rapid atrial pacing (RAP; 400 bpm) with a controlled ventricular rate (AV block plus ventricular pacemaker at 80 bpm).
Methods and Results—CHF induced by 5 weeks of rapid ventricular pacing (220 to 240 bpm) increased the duration of AF induced by burst pacing (from 8±4 seconds in control dogs to 535±82 seconds; P<0.01), similar to the effect of 1 week of RAP (713±300 seconds). In contrast to RAP, CHF did not alter atrial refractory period, refractoriness heterogeneity, or conduction velocity at a cycle length of 360 ms; however, CHF dogs had a substantial increase in the heterogeneity of conduction during atrial pacing (heterogeneity index in CHF dogs, 2.76±0.16 versus 1.46±0.10 for control and 1.51±0.06 for RAP dogs; P<0.01) owing to discrete regions of slow conduction. Histological examination revealed extensive interstitial fibrosis (connective tissue occupying 12.8±1.9% of the cross-sectional area) in CHF dogs compared with control (0.8±0.3%) and RAP (0.9±0.2%) dogs.
Conclusions—Experimental CHF strongly promotes the induction of sustained AF by causing interstitial fibrosis that interferes with local conduction. The substrates of AF in CHF are very different from those of atrial tachycardia–related AF, with important potential implications for understanding, treating, and preventing AF related to CHF.
Key Words: arrhythmia • antiarrhythmia agents • conduction • remodeling • heart failure • electrocardiology
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  K. Miyamoto, T. Tsuchiya, S. Narita, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Nagamoto, S.-i. Ando, K. Hayashida, Y. Tanioka, and N. Takahashi Bipolar electrogram amplitudes in the left atrium are related to local conduction velocity in patients with atrial fibrillation Europace, December 1, 2009; 11(12): 1597 - 1605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A. O'Leary and I. Wilkie Cardiac Valvular and Vascular Disease in Bull Terriers Vet. Pathol., November 1, 2009; 46(6): 1149 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Sridhar, Y. Nishijima, D. Terentyev, M. Khan, R. Terentyeva, R. L. Hamlin, T. Nakayama, S. Gyorke, A. J. Cardounel, and C. A. Carnes Chronic heart failure and the substrate for atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2009; 84(2): 227 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Rankin and A. J. Workman Duration of heart failure and the risk of atrial fibrillation: different mechanisms at different times? Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2009; 84(2): 180 - 181. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nishida, G. Michael, D. Dobrev, and S. Nattel Animal models for atrial fibrillation: clinical insights and scientific opportunities Europace, October 29, 2009; (2009) eup328v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Anter and D. J. Callans Pharmacological and Electrical Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation to Sinus Rhythm Is Worth the Effort Circulation, October 6, 2009; 120(14): 1436 - 1443. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. H. Rennison and D. R. Van Wagoner Impact of Dietary Fatty Acids on Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, August 1, 2009; 2(4): 460 - 469. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Shan, Y. Zhang, Y. Lu, Y. Zhang, Z. Pan, B. Cai, N. Wang, X. Li, T. Feng, Y. Hong, et al. Downregulation of miR-133 and miR-590 contributes to nicotine-induced atrial remodelling in canines Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2009; 83(3): 465 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kirchhof, J. Bax, C. Blomstrom-Lundquist, H. Calkins, A. J. Camm, R. Cappato, F. Cosio, H. Crijns, H.-C. Diener, A. Goette, et al. Early and comprehensive management of atrial fibrillation: Proceedings from the 2nd AFNET/EHRA consensus conference on atrial fibrillation entitled 'research perspectives in atrial fibrillation' Europace, July 1, 2009; 11(7): 860 - 885. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Anter, M. Jessup, and D. J. Callans Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure: Treatment Considerations for a Dual Epidemic Circulation, May 12, 2009; 119(18): 2516 - 2525. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. K. Stiles, B. John, C. X. Wong, P. Kuklik, A. G. Brooks, D. H. Lau, H. Dimitri, K. C. Roberts-Thomson, L. Wilson, P. De Sciscio, et al. Paroxysmal lone atrial fibrillation is associated with an abnormal atrial substrate characterizing the "second factor". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 7, 2009; 53(14): 1182 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Oakes, T. J. Badger, E. G. Kholmovski, N. Akoum, N. S. Burgon, E. N. Fish, J. J.E. Blauer, S. N. Rao, E. V.R. DiBella, N. M. Segerson, et al. Detection and Quantification of Left Atrial Structural Remodeling With Delayed-Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, April 7, 2009; 119(13): 1758 - 1767. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Laurent, H. Leong-Poi, I. Mangat, G. W. Moe, X. Hu, P. P.-S. So, E. Tarulli, A. Ramadeen, E. I. Rossman, J. K. Hennan, et al. Effects of Chronic Gap Junction Conduction-Enhancing Antiarrhythmic Peptide GAP-134 Administration on Experimental Atrial Fibrillation in Dogs Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, April 1, 2009; 2(2): 171 - 178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Arenal, T. Datino, L. Atea, F. Atienza, E. Gonzalez-Torrecilla, J. Almendral, L. Castilla, P. L. Sanchez, and F. Fernandez-Aviles Dominant frequency differences in atrial fibrillation patients with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction Europace, April 1, 2009; 11(4): 450 - 457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. J. Benjamin, P.-S. Chen, D. E. Bild, A. M. Mascette, C. M. Albert, A. Alonso, H. Calkins, S. J. Connolly, A. B. Curtis, D. Darbar, et al. Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation: Report From a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop Circulation, February 3, 2009; 119(4): 606 - 618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. M. Okin, K. Wachtell, S. E. Kjeldsen, S. Julius, L. H. Lindholm, B. Dahlof, D. A. Hille, M. S. Nieminen, J. M. Edelman, and R. B. Devereux Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Relation to Changing Heart Rate Over Time in Hypertensive Patients: The LIFE Study Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, December 1, 2008; 1(5): 337 - 343. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. P. Beukema, H. T. Sie, A. R. R. Misier, P. P. Delnoy, H. J.J. Wellens, and A. Elvan Predictive factors of sustained sinus rhythm and recurrent atrial fibrillation after a radiofrequency modified Maze procedure Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., October 1, 2008; 34(4): 771 - 775. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Remes, T. J. van Brakel, G. Bolotin, C. Garber, M. M. de Jong, F. H. van der Veen, and J. G. Maessen Persistent atrial fibrillation in a goat model of chronic left atrial overload. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., October 1, 2008; 136(4): 1005 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Geidel, M. Lass, and J. Ostermeyer A 5-year clinical experience with bipolar radiofrequency ablation for permanent atrial fibrillation concomitant to coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve surgery Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery, October 1, 2008; 7(5): 777 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. John, M. K. Stiles, P. Kuklik, S. T. Chandy, G. D. Young, L. Mackenzie, L. Szumowski, G. Joseph, J. Jose, S. G. Worthley, et al. Electrical remodelling of the left and right atria due to rheumatic mitral stenosis Eur. Heart J., September 2, 2008; 29(18): 2234 - 2243. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Shimano, Y. Inden, Y. Tsuji, H. Kamiya, T. Uchikawa, R. Shibata, and T. Murohara Circulating homocysteine levels in patients with radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation Europace, August 1, 2008; 10(8): 961 - 966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. L. Serra and M. Bendersky Review: Atrial fibrillation and renin-angiotensin system Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, June 1, 2008; 2(3): 215 - 223. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-H. Yeh, R. Wakili, X.-Y. Qi, D. Chartier, P. Boknik, S. Kaab, U. Ravens, P. Coutu, D. Dobrev, and S. Nattel Calcium-Handling Abnormalities Underlying Atrial Arrhythmogenesis and Contractile Dysfunction in Dogs With Congestive Heart Failure Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, June 1, 2008; 1(2): 93 - 102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. Jacquemet and C. S. Henriquez Loading effect of fibroblast-myocyte coupling on resting potential, impulse propagation, and repolarization: insights from a microstructure model Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): H2040 - H2052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nattel, B. Burstein, and D. Dobrev Atrial Remodeling and Atrial Fibrillation: Mechanisms and Implications Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol, April 1, 2008; 1(1): 62 - 73. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Burstein, E. Libby, A. Calderone, and S. Nattel Differential Behaviors of Atrial Versus Ventricular Fibroblasts: A Potential Role for Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Atrial-Ventricular Remodeling Differences Circulation, April 1, 2008; 117(13): 1630 - 1641. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Laurent, G. Moe, X. Hu, H. Leong-Poi, K. A. Connelly, P. P.-S. So, A. Ramadeen, L. Doumanovskaia, A. Konig, J. Trogadis, et al. Experimental studies of atrial fibrillation: a comparison of two pacing models Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2008; 294(3): H1206 - H1215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Ehrlich, P. Biliczki, S. H. Hohnloser, and S. Nattel Atrial-Selective Approaches for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 26, 2008; 51(8): 787 - 792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Burstein and S. Nattel Atrial Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance in Atrial Fibrillation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 26, 2008; 51(8): 802 - 809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. C. Roberts-Thomson, I. H. Stevenson, P. M. Kistler, H. M. Haqqani, J. C. Goldblatt, P. Sanders, and J. M. Kalman Anatomically Determined Functional Conduction Delay in the Posterior Left Atrium: Relationship to Structural Heart Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 26, 2008; 51(8): 856 - 862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Dobrowolski, P. Sasse, J. W. Schrickel, M. Watkins, J.-S. Kim, M. Rackauskas, C. Troatz, A. Ghanem, K. Tiemann, J. Degen, et al. The conditional connexin43G138R mouse mutant represents a new model of hereditary oculodentodigital dysplasia in humans Hum. Mol. Genet., February 14, 2008; 17(4): 539 - 554. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E M Kallergis, E G Manios, E M Kanoupakis, H E Mavrakis, S G Kolyvaki, G M Lyrarakis, G I Chlouverakis, and P E Vardas The role of the post-cardioversion time course of hs-CRP levels in clarifying the relationship between inflammation and persistence of atrial fibrillation Heart, February 1, 2008; 94(2): 200 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Casaclang-Verzosa, B. J. Gersh, and T. S.M. Tsang Structural and functional remodeling of the left atrium: clinical and therapeutic implications for atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 1, 2008; 51(1): 1 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. P. Regan, L. Kiss, G. L. Stump, C. J. McIntyre, D. C. Beshore, N. J. Liverton, C. J. Dinsmore, and J. J. Lynch Jr. Atrial Antifibrillatory Effects of Structurally Distinct IKur Blockers 3-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-6-methoxy-2-methyl-4-phenylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one and 2-Phenyl-1,1-dipyridin-3-yl-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethanol in Dogs with Underlying Heart Failure J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2008; 324(1): 322 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. G. Cosio, E. Aliot, G. L. Botto, H. Heidbuchel, C. J. Geller, P. Kirchhof, J.-C. De Haro, R. Frank, J. P. Villacastin, J. Vijgen, et al. Delayed rhythm control of atrial fibrillation may be a cause of failure to prevent recurrences: reasons for change to active antiarrhythmic treatment at the time of the first detected episode Europace, January 1, 2008; 10(1): 21 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Voigt, A. Maguy, Y.-H. Yeh, X. Qi, U. Ravens, D. Dobrev, and S. Nattel Changes in IK,ACh single-channel activity with atrial tachycardia remodelling in canine atrial cardiomyocytes Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2008; 77(1): 35 - 43. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Burstein, X.-Y. Qi, Y.-H. Yeh, A. Calderone, and S. Nattel Atrial cardiomyocyte tachycardia alters cardiac fibroblast function: A novel consideration in atrial remodeling Cardiovasc Res, December 1, 2007; 76(3): 442 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sakabe, A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, A. Maguy, C. Dumesnil, A. Nigam, T.-K. Leung, and S. Nattel Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Prevent Atrial Fibrillation Associated With Heart Failure but Not Atrial Tachycardia Remodeling Circulation, November 6, 2007; 116(19): 2101 - 2109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kirchhof, A. Auricchio, J. Bax, H. Crijns, J. Camm, H.-C. Diener, A. Goette, G. Hindricks, S. Hohnloser, L. Kappenberger, et al. Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: executive summary: Recommendations from a consensus conference organized by the German Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork (AFNET) and the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) Eur. Heart J., November 2, 2007; 28(22): 2803 - 2817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-R. Neuberger, C. Mewis, D. J. van Veldhuisen, U. Schotten, I. C. van Gelder, M. A. Allessie, and M. Bohm Management of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2007; 28(21): 2568 - 2577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kirchhof, A. Auricchio, J. Bax, H. Crijns, J. Camm, H.-C. Diener, A. Goette, G. Hindricks, S. Hohnloser, L. Kappenberger, et al. Outcome parameters for trials in atrial fibrillation: Recommendations from a consensus conference organized by the German Atrial Fibrillation Competence NETwork and the European Heart Rhythm Association Europace, November 1, 2007; 9(11): 1006 - 1023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. W. Schrickel, K. Brixius, C. Herr, C. S. Clemen, P. Sasse, K. Reetz, C. Grohe, R. Meyer, K. Tiemann, R. Schroder, et al. Enhanced heterogeneity of myocardial conduction and severe cardiac electrical instability in annexin A7-deficient mice Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 2007; 76(2): 257 - 268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. S. Spach Mounting Evidence That Fibrosis Generates a Major Mechanism for Atrial Fibrillation Circ. Res., October 12, 2007; 101(8): 743 - 745. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Tanaka, S. Zlochiver, Karen. L. Vikstrom, M. Yamazaki, J. Moreno, M. Klos, Alexey. V. Zaitsev, R. Vaidyanathan, D. S. Auerbach, S. Landas, et al. Spatial Distribution of Fibrosis Governs Fibrillation Wave Dynamics in the Posterior Left Atrium During Heart Failure Circ. Res., October 12, 2007; 101(8): 839 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. R. Leon The Class I Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Effect? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 25, 2007; 50(13): 1252 - 1253. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Goette, U. Lendeckel, A. Kuchenbecker, A. Bukowska, B. Peters, H. U Klein, C. Huth, and C. Rocken Cigarette smoking induces atrial fibrosis in humans via nicotine Heart, September 1, 2007; 93(9): 1056 - 1063. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Cingoz, G. Yanulis, E. Ching, K. Fukamachi, and D. W. Wallick Use of Conventional Dual Chamber Pacemakers With Custom Lead Adapters to Induce Atrial Fibrillation or Heart Failure in Dogs Ann. Thorac. Surg., May 1, 2007; 83(5): 1858 - 1862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, B. J.J.M. Brundel, B. Burstein, T.-K. Leung, H. Mitamura, S. Ogawa, and S. Nattel Effects of simvastatin on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with congestive heart failure Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2007; 74(1): 75 - 84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Rivard, H. Sinno, A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, G. Schram, T.-K. Leung, and S. Nattel The pharmacological response of ischemia-related atrial fibrillation in dogs: Evidence for substrate-specific efficacy Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 2007; 74(1): 104 - 113. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. C.M. Choisy, L. A. Arberry, J. C. Hancox, and A. F. James Increased Susceptibility to Atrial Tachyarrhythmia in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hearts Hypertension, March 1, 2007; 49(3): 498 - 505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Cardin, E. Libby, P. Pelletier, S. Le Bouter, A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, N. Le Meur, J. Leger, S. Demolombe, A. Ponton, L. Glass, et al. Contrasting Gene Expression Profiles in Two Canine Models of Atrial Fibrillation Circ. Res., February 16, 2007; 100(3): 425 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, M. Sakabe, K. Haugan, J. K. Hennan, and S. Nattel Model-Dependent Effects of the Gap Junction Conduction-Enhancing Antiarrhythmic Peptide Rotigaptide (ZP123) on Experimental Atrial Fibrillation in Dogs Circulation, January 23, 2007; 115(3): 310 - 318. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H. Everett IV, E. E. Wilson, S. Verheule, J. M. Guerra, S. Foreman, and J. E. Olgin Structural atrial remodeling alters the substrate and spatiotemporal organization of atrial fibrillation: a comparison in canine models of structural and electrical atrial remodeling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2006; 291(6): H2911 - H2923. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. C. Van Gelder and M. E.W. Hemels The progressive nature of atrial fibrillation: a rationale for early restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm Europace, November 1, 2006; 8(11): 943 - 949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Lee, T. H. Everett IV, D. Rahmutula, J. M. Guerra, E. Wilson, C. Ding, and J. E. Olgin Pirfenidone Prevents the Development of a Vulnerable Substrate for Atrial Fibrillation in a Canine Model of Heart Failure Circulation, October 17, 2006; 114(16): 1703 - 1712. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Writing Committee Members, V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: full text: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Europace, September 1, 2006; 8(9): 651 - 745. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): e149 - e246. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Osranek, K. Fatema, F. Qaddoura, A. Al-Saileek, M. E. Barnes, K. R. Bailey, B. J. Gersh, T. S.M. Tsang, K. J. Zehr, and J. B. Seward Left Atrial Volume Predicts the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): 779 - 786. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Steinberg Desperately Seeking a Randomized Clinical Trial of Resynchronization Therapy for Patients With Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 15, 2006; 48(4): 744 - 746. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Fuster, L. E. Ryden, D. S. Cannom, H. J. Crijns, A. B. Curtis, K. A. Ellenbogen, J. L. Halperin, J.-Y. Le Heuzey, G. N. Kay, J. E. Lowe, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): Developed in Collaboration With the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society Circulation, August 15, 2006; 114(7): e257 - e354. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Guerra, T. H. Everett IV, K. W. Lee, E. Wilson, and J. E. Olgin Effects of the Gap Junction Modifier Rotigaptide (ZP123) on Atrial Conduction and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation Circulation, July 11, 2006; 114(2): 110 - 118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. C. Hoppe, J. M. Casares, H. Eiskjaer, A. Hagemann, J. G.F. Cleland, N. Freemantle, and E. Erdmann Effect of Cardiac Resynchronization on the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Severe Heart Failure Circulation, July 4, 2006; 114(1): 18 - 25. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-i. Sakamoto, S. Yamauchi, H. Yamashita, H. Imura, Y. Maruyama, H. Ogasawara, N. Hatori, and K. Shimizu Intraoperative mapping of the right atrial free wall during sinus rhythm: variety of activation patterns and incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., July 1, 2006; 30(1): 132 - 139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Miyasaka, M. E. Barnes, B. J. Gersh, S. S. Cha, K. R. Bailey, W. Abhayaratna, J. B. Seward, T. Iwasaka, and T. S.M. Tsang Incidence and mortality risk of congestive heart failure in atrial fibrillation patients: a community-based study over two decades Eur. Heart J., April 2, 2006; 27(8): 936 - 941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Kies, C Leclercq, G B Bleeker, C Crocq, S G Molhoek, C Poulain, L van Erven, M Bootsma, K Zeppenfeld, E E van der Wall, et al. Cardiac resynchronisation therapy in chronic atrial fibrillation: impact on left atrial size and reversal to sinus rhythm Heart, April 1, 2006; 92(4): 490 - 494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Alsaileek, M. Osranek, K. Fatema, R. B. McCully, T. S. Tsang, and J. B. Seward Predictive Value of Normal Left Atrial Volume in Stress Echocardiography J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 7, 2006; 47(5): 1024 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Osranek and J. B. Seward Left atrial volume predicts cardiovascular events in patients originally diagnosed with lone atrial fibrillation: three-decade follow-up: reply Eur. Heart J., March 2, 2006; 27(6): 756 - 756. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Ehrlich, S. H. Hohnloser, and S. Nattel Role of angiotensin system and effects of its inhibition in atrial fibrillation: clinical and experimental evidence Eur. Heart J., March 1, 2006; 27(5): 512 - 518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-R. Neuberger, U. Schotten, Y. Blaauw, D. Vollmann, S. Eijsbouts, A. van Hunnik, and M. Allessie Chronic Atrial Dilation, Electrical Remodeling, and Atrial Fibrillation in the Goat J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 7, 2006; 47(3): 644 - 653. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Osranek, F. Bursi, K. R. Bailey, B. R. Grossardt, R. D. Brown Jr, S. L. Kopecky, T. S. Tsang, and J. B. Seward Left atrial volume predicts cardiovascular events in patients originally diagnosed with lone atrial fibrillation: three-decade follow-up Eur. Heart J., December 1, 2005; 26(23): 2556 - 2561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Milliez, N. DeAngelis, C. Rucker-Martin, A. Leenhardt, E. Vicaut, E. Robidel, P. Beaufils, C. Delcayre, and S. N. Hatem Spironolactone reduces fibrosis of dilated atria during heart failure in rats with myocardial infarction Eur. Heart J., October 2, 2005; 26(20): 2193 - 2199. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. V. Naccarelli Antiadrenergic Therapy in the Control of Atrial Fibrillation Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, October 1, 2005; 10(4_suppl): S33 - S43. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Saba, A. M. Janczewski, L. C. Baker, V. Shusterman, E. C. Gursoy, A. M. Feldman, G. Salama, C. F. McTiernan, and B. London Atrial contractile dysfunction, fibrosis, and arrhythmias in a mouse model of cardiomyopathy secondary to cardiac-specific overexpression of tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2005; 289(4): H1456 - H1467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H. Everett IV, E. E. Wilson, S. Foreman, and J. E. Olgin Mechanisms of Ventricular Fibrillation in Canine Models of Congestive Heart Failure and Ischemia Assessed by In Vivo Noncontact Mapping Circulation, September 13, 2005; 112(11): 1532 - 1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Zou, J. Kneller, L. J. Leon, and S. Nattel Substrate size as a determinant of fibrillatory activity maintenance in a mathematical model of canine atrium Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): H1002 - H1012. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Anne, R. Willems, T. Roskams, P. Sergeant, P. Herijgers, P. Holemans, H. Ector, and H. Heidbuchel Matrix metalloproteinases and atrial remodeling in patients with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation Cardiovasc Res, September 1, 2005; 67(4): 655 - 666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. S. Healey, A. Baranchuk, E. Crystal, C. A. Morillo, M. Garfinkle, S. Yusuf, and S. J. Connolly Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: A Meta-Analysis J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 7, 2005; 45(11): 1832 - 1839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Scherlag, W. Yamanashi, U. Patel, R. Lazzara, and W. M. Jackman Autonomically Induced Conversion of Pulmonary Vein Focal Firing Into Atrial Fibrillation J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 7, 2005; 45(11): 1878 - 1886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Kneller*, J. Kalifa*, R. Zou, A. V. Zaitsev, M. Warren, O. Berenfeld, E. J. Vigmond, L. J. Leon, S. Nattel, and J. Jalife Mechanisms of Atrial Fibrillation Termination by Pure Sodium Channel Blockade in an Ionically-Realistic Mathematical Model Circ. Res., March 18, 2005; 96(5): e35 - e47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Geidel, J. Ostermeyer, M. Lass, M. Betzold, A. Duong, F. Jensen, S. Boczor, and K.-H. Kuck Three years experience with monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency ablation surgery in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg., February 1, 2005; 27(2): 243 - 249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Verma, O. M. Wazni, N. F. Marrouche, D. O. Martin, F. Kilicaslan, S. Minor, R. A. Schweikert, W. Saliba, J. Cummings, J. D. Burkhardt, et al. Pre-existent left atrial scarring in patients undergoing pulmonary vein antrum isolation: An independent predictor of procedural failure J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 18, 2005; 45(2): 285 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Pritchett, D. W. Mahoney, S. J. Jacobsen, R. J. Rodeheffer, B. L. Karon, and M. M. Redfield Diastolic dysfunction and left atrial volume: A population-based study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., January 4, 2005; 45(1): 87 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|